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4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(95)jul.- sept. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212655

RESUMO

Introducción: se describe un brote de gastroenteritis por Salmonella en un centro de educación infantil y un colegio público vecino en una localidad del sur de la Comunidad de Madrid (España) entre octubre y noviembre de 2019. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas de un brote de salmonelosis, analizar el mecanismo de transmisión, reforzar la importancia de la declaración sanitaria. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo bidireccional de casos de salmonelosis notificados por diversas fuentes relacionados con un colectivo escolar. Análisis de variables de los ingresados. Investigación epidemiológica y caracterización microbiológica. Resultados: se registraron 38 casos (entre 7 meses y 8 años; media: 2,7 años). Pertenecían a dos centros educativos: el 57,9% eran alumnos de una escuela infantil; el resto, del colegio vecino, acudían a ella para comer o como ludoteca. Ingresaron 12 (3 hospitales). No hubo complicaciones graves. En el Centro Nacional de Microbiología se identificó en coprocultivos Salmonella entérica, typhimurium monofásica 4,5,12:i:-. En la inspección se evidenció que el origen no era alimentario y, en cambio, que sí existía riesgo de transmisión fecal-oral de persona a persona y por contaminación de superficies; no había separación física óptima entre zonas. Se hicieron propuestas de mejora. No se registraron casos posteriormente. Conclusiones: el brote fue de origen no alimentario; su análisis permitió tomar medidas para evitar casos secundarios posteriormente. Se considera de gran importancia la notificación de casos para tomar medidas de salud pública adecuadas (AU)


Introduction: we describe an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis in an early childhood education centre and a neighbouring public school in a town in the south of the Community of Madrid (Spain) in October and November 2019. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of salmonellosis, analyse the mechanism of transmission and underscore the importance of health reporting.Methods: retrospective and prospective descriptive study of salmonellosis cases reported by different sources related to a school community. Analysis of variables in hospitalised patients. Epidemiological investigation and microbiological characterization.Results: there were 38 reported cases (age range, 7 months-8 years; mean, 2.7 years). They were enrolled in 2 educational centres: 57.9% attended a nursery school and the rest were students of a neighbouring school who came to the nursery for lunch or recreation activities. Twelve were hospitalised (3 hospitals). There were no serious complications. The National Microbiology Centre identified Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:-, a monophasic variant of S. enterica, in stool cultures. The inspection showed that food was not the source of transmission, but that there was a risk of faecal-oral was not alimentary; on the other hand, there was a risk of transmission through the faecal-oral route and fomites; the physical separation between different areas was suboptimal. Proposals for improvement were made. No more cases were reported thereafter.Conclusions: the outbreak was not related to food, and its analysis allowed the implementation of measures to avoid secondary cases later on. Case reporting is considered of utmost importance to take appropriate public health measures. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(95)jul.- sept. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212675

RESUMO

Analizando la participación de las mujeres en los primeros congresos de Pediatría, llama la atención que una buena parte de ellas pertenecían a organizaciones feministas y que, además de su militancia, tenían una preocupación por los y las menores, por sus aspectos educativos y legales.Se han revisado las actas y publicaciones relacionadas con los cinco primeros congresos nacionales de Pediatría (CNP) (1914-1933), biografías de las participantes y publicaciones sobre el feminismo en los años 20 y 30 del pasado siglo.En los cinco primeros CNP participaron 14 mujeres: un 15% eran del ámbito sanitario, un 65%, del educativo y un 29%, del derecho. Siete de ellas pertenecían a organizaciones feministas (50%). Hay dos generaciones de feministas que participaron en los CNP. La primera militó en la Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas, donde la mayoría de ellas ostentaba cargos orgánicos y su labor profesional fue la educación. La segunda, en torno a Juventud Universitaria Femenina, y su dedicación laboral fue el derecho. Su participación en los CNP fue sobre esos temas, educación y derechos de la infancia. Así mismo, impulsaron otras actividades en defensa de la infancia a nivel social, como las 'cantinas escolares', los 'desayunos escolares' o el 'club infantil' de tiempo libre para las clases más desfavorecidas.Las mujeres que se han estudiado, desde su concepción feminista de la vida, no solo trabajaron por los derechos de la mujer, sino que se esforzaron por mejorar la vida de la infancia y el reconocimiento de sus derechos. (AU)


Analysing the participation of women in the first paediatric congresses, it stands out that many of them belonged to feminist organisations and that, in addition to the pursuit of their cause, they were concerned about children, including educational and legal aspects.We reviewed the minutes and publications related to the first five National Paediatric Congresses (NCPs) (1914-1933), biographies of the participants and publications on feminism in the 1920s and 1930s.Fourteen women participated in the first 5 NPCs, 15% from the health care field, 65% from the field of education and 29% from the field of law. Seven of them belonged to feminist organisations (50%). Two generations of feminists participated in the NPCs. Women from the first generation were actively involved in the National Association of Spanish Women, most of who held positions in administration and worked in the education field. Women from the second generation were organised around the Juventud Universitaria Femenina (University Young Women’s Organization) and worked in law. Their participation in the NPCs had to do with these issues, education and children’s rights. They also promoted other activities to advocate for children at a social level, such as the “school canteens”, “school breakfasts” or the “Children’s Club”, which provided leisure activities for disadvantaged groups.The women whose activity we reviewed, through their feminist perspective of life, not only worked for women’s rights, but also strove to improve the lives of children and to achieve the recognition of their rights. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , História do Século XX , Congressos como Assunto/história , Feminismo/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Saúde da Criança/história , Espanha
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(82): 173-179, abr.-jun. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184594

RESUMO

Los síntomas respiratorios constituyen un motivo de consulta frecuente en Atención Primaria y de derivación al especialista si se manifiestan crónicamente. Describimos dos casos tratados por asma y neumonía recurrente en los que se planteó el diagnóstico diferencial por una auscultación patológica persistente. El diagnóstico final fue: secuestro pulmonar y bronquiolitis obliterante. Se revisan los aspectos más relevantes de estas patologías graves y poco frecuentes


Respiratory symptoms are the most common reason for primary care visits and, when chronic, a frecuent indication for hospital specialist referrals. We describe two patients treated for asthma and recurrent pneumonia. A differential diagnosis was needed to find out the cause of persistent pathological auscultation. Final diagnosis was: Pulmonary sequestration and Bronchiolitis obliterans. We review the most relevant aspects of this uncommon and severe chronic lung diseases


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Auscultação/métodos , Bronquiolite Obliterante/diagnóstico , Sequestro Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Espasmo Brônquico/diagnóstico , Asma/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/diagnóstico
11.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(5): 292-299, sept.-oct. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177676

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia de los progenitores de niños hospitalizados por bronquiolitis. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Se incluyeron progenitores con hijos ingresados por bronquiolitis, entre el 7 de diciembre de 2015 y el 8 enero de 2016, en el servicio de Pediatría de un hospital del Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Se recogieron los datos mediante grupos focales y notas de los investigadores. Se realizó el análisis temático de los datos. Se incluyeron 10 progenitores con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y 39 años. Se exploraron 5 temas: percepción de la monitorización, necesidad de saber, percepción de fragilidad del niño, estrategias de afrontamiento, y reorganización del entorno familiar. RESULTADOS: La monitorización de la saturación de oxígeno produce dependencia e incertidumbre en los progenitores. Además, existe una necesidad de conocer, que favorece la búsqueda de información en Internet. Los progenitores perciben la fragilidad del niño hospitalizado a través de su aspecto y estado físico. Además, desarrollan diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento para buscar y confirmar la información, aproximarse a los profesionales y estar presentes junto a los hijos/as. Por último, se produce una reorganización de la familia para mantener la presencia constante de los progenitores durante la hospitalización. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos pueden orientar a los profesionales de pediatría a manejar la información administrada a los progenitores y potenciar el empoderamiento de los progenitores


AIM: To describe the experience of the parents of children hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. METHOD: Phenomenological qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was undertaken of parents with children diagnosed with bronchiolitis, from December 7, 2015 to January 8, 2016, and admitted to the paediatric department of a public hospital of the Madrid Health Service. Data collection strategies included focus groups and researchers' field notes. Afterwards, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. We included 10 parents, aged between 30 and 39 years. Five themes were explored: perception of monitoring, need to know, perception of child fragility, coping strategies, and reorganization of the family environment. RESULTS: Oxygen saturation monitoring through devices produced dependence and uncertainty in the parents. In addition, there was a need to know and understand the technical language, which encouraged searching for information on the Internet. The parents perceived the fragility of the hospitalized child through their appearance and physical state. In addition, they developed different coping strategies to seek and confirm information, to approach professionals and be present with their children. Finally, the family was reorganised to maintain the constant presence of the parents during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained can help paediatric professionals manage the information given to parents and thus empower them


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Bronquiolite/terapia , Hospitalização , Pais/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica
12.
Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) ; 28(5): 292-299, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30030054

RESUMO

AIM: To describe the experience of the parents of children hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. METHOD: Phenomenological qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was undertaken of parents with children diagnosed with bronchiolitis, from December 7, 2015 to January 8, 2016, and admitted to the paediatric department of a public hospital of the Madrid Health Service. Data collection strategies included focus groups and researchers' field notes. Afterwards, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. We included 10 parents, aged between 30 and 39 years. Five themes were explored: perception of monitoring, need to know, perception of child fragility, coping strategies, and reorganization of the family environment. RESULTS: Oxygen saturation monitoring through devices produced dependence and uncertainty in the parents. In addition, there was a need to know and understand the technical language, which encouraged searching for information on the Internet. The parents perceived the fragility of the hospitalized child through their appearance and physical state. In addition, they developed different coping strategies to seek and confirm information, to approach professionals and be present with their children. Finally, the family was reorganised to maintain the constant presence of the parents during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained can help paediatric professionals manage the information given to parents and thus empower them.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Bronquiolite , Hospitalização , Pais/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Bronquiolite/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(78): 145-150, abr.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174693

RESUMO

Introducción: el sueño, con su contenido simbólico, genera ritmos de imágenes que sirven para expresar emociones y vivencias. Objetivo: representar gráficamente, por una alumna del Grado Superior de Ilustración, las emociones de los niños ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, expresadas a través de sus sueños. Ayudarles a poner de manifiesto sus sentimientos, deseos y necesidades, e integrar, mediante la escritura y el dibujo, la enfermedad o el motivo de hospitalización. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, aprobado por el Comité Ético del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada. Muestreo abierto, objetivo inicial: buscar saturación o diversidad temática. Inclusión: edad 7-12 años, firma del consentimiento. Material: cuaderno de recogida de sueños. El estudio se realizó en tres sesiones: presentación del proyecto a la familia y cuaderno de recogida de sueños; narración y dibujo infantil en el cuaderno de recogida de sueños; ilustración del sueño por la alumna del Grado Superior de Ilustración, puesta en común con el niño y su familia. Resultados: los textos o los dibujos de los niños fueron la base estética para las ilustraciones, con aportación metafórica y utilizando características del surrealismo. Sueños válidos obtenidos para ilustrar: "Ayuda a los demás", "Entre dos mundos", "Soy un elfo". Este estudio se consideró piloto. Se realizó un proyecto de final de grado de la alumna, un álbum ilustrado, Oniros, y una exposición temporal en el hospital. Conclusiones: la narración y el diseño pictórico de los sueños de los niños durante el ingreso colaboran en la expresión de sus emociones y necesidades y generan empatía en el entorno. El protagonismo de los niños y sus padres en actividades culturales en el medio hospitalario genera actitudes positivas


Introduction: the dream, its symbolic content, produces images to express emotions and experiences. Objective: a student of Diploma in Illustration represents by pictures the emotions felt by children during their hospital stay, expressed through their dreams in order to help them express their feelings, desires, needs, integrating through writing and drawing the illness or the reason for hospitalization. Methods: qualitative study, approved by the Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada Ethics Committee. Open sampling pretending saturation or variety. Inclusion criteria: age 7-12 years, prior signature of the informed consent. Material: notebook to jot down the dreams. The study was carried out in three sessions: presentation of the project to the family and delivery of the notebook, narration and children's drawing in their notebook; illustration of the dream by the student of Diploma in Illustration, shared with the child and his family. Results: the texts and/or the drawings of the children were the aesthetic basis for the illustrations, concretizing them with metaphorical contribution and using certain characteristics of surrealism. Three valid dreams were obtained to illustrate: "Help the others", "Between two worlds", "I'm an elf". This study was considered pilot and was presented as end-of-year project, along with the illustrated album Oniros. Subsequently, a temporary exhibition was held in the hospital. Conclusions: the narrative and the pictorial design of the children's dreams during admission contributes to the expression of their emotions and needs, and generates empathy in the environment. The leadership of children and their parents in cultural activities in the hospital generates positive attitudes


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Criança Hospitalizada/psicologia , Sonhos/psicologia , Humanização da Assistência , Pinturas/psicologia , Arteterapia/métodos , Emoções , Simbolismo , Narração , Terapia Narrativa/métodos , Pesquisa Qualitativa
14.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(77): 65-68, ene.-mar. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173583

RESUMO

La educación médica debe ser reflexiva, interactiva y debe promover la proactividad personal y profesional como elemento de aprendizaje. Describimos una experiencia docente en los estudios del Grado de Medicina, en la asignatura de Pediatría, con la participación activa de los estudiantes. Un estudiante propuso preparar y exponer un tema, eligiendo "tosferina y paperas". Este permite un abordaje de aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y comunitarios. En el modelo de clase invertida se promueve la lectura de documentos previos a la hora docente


Medical education training should be interactive and should promote personal and professional proactivity as a learning element. We describe a teaching experience in the studies of the Degree of Medicine (subject of Pediatrics) with the active participation of the students. A student proposed to prepare the theme "whooping cough and mumps, and that was the chosen one. This item allows an approach of clinical, epidemiological and community aspects. With the flipped classroom the reading of documents prior to teaching time is promoted


Assuntos
Humanos , Pediatria/educação , Autonomia Profissional , /métodos , Relações Interpessoais
17.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 88(3): 388-392, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28737199

RESUMO

Giant nonparasitic splenic epidermoid cysts are relatively uncommon. These lesions can lead abdominal pain, but most of then are asymptomatic, and they are discovered incidentally. We report a 13-y old female with a giant splenic epidermoid cystic, given the special interest of diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making of this rare entity. CASE REPORT: A 13-y old female with clinical history of abdominal pain since the last two months. On physical examination a firm, tender mass was palpable in left hypochondrium. Diagnosis of a large cystic splenic mass was made based on ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan. Splenectomy was performed, and histopathological-immunohistochemistry studies revealed findings suggestive of primary epithelial cyst. The post-operative clinical course was satisfactory and uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of giant nonparasitic splenic cysts is surgical. Preserve splenic parenchyma must be the aim in an individualized decision-making. The different types of surgical modalities will be according to the diagnosis and clinical situation (cyst size, age, comorbidities).


Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Esplenectomia , Esplenopatias/cirurgia
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(3): 388-392, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899992

RESUMO

Los quistes esplénicos gigantes y no parasitarios son infrecuentes. Estas lesiones pueden manifestarse como dolor abdominal, si bien a menudo son asintomáticas y se diagnostican en forma incidental. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un quiste esplénico epitelial gigante por su interés en la toma de decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas, al ser una entidad muy poco frecuente.
 Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad que consultó por dolor abdominal de dos meses de evolución. En la exploración física se palpaba una masa de consistencia dura en hemiabdomen izquierdo. En los estudios de imágenes se visualizó una masa esplénica quística gigante. Se realizó esplenectomía obteniendo un quiste subcapsular que comprometía la mayor parte del bazo, el estudio anatomopatológico e inmunohistoquímico fueron compatible con quiste epitelial. La evolución postoperatoria y el posterior seguimiento ambulatorio fueron favorables. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de los quiste esplénicos gigantes no parasitarios es quirúrgico, intentando conservar, en lo posible, la mayor cantidad de tejido esplénico. Este procedimiento debe ser individualizado, considerando el tamaño, las posibilidades diagnósticas, el tejido esplénico residual, la edad del paciente y comorbilidades.


Giant nonparasitic splenic epidermoid cysts are relatively uncommon. These lesions can lead abdominal pain, but most of then are asymptomatic, and they are discovered incidentally. We report a 13-y old female with a giant splenic epidermoid cystic, given the special interest of diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making of this rare entity. Case report: A 13-y old female with clinical history of abdominal pain since the last two months. On physical examination a firm, tender mass was palpable in left hypochondrium. Diagnosis of a large cystic splenic mass was made based on ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan. Splenectomy was performed, and histopathological-immunohistochemistry studies revealed findings suggestive of primary epithelial cyst. The post-operative clinical course was satisfactory and uneventful. Conclusions: Treatment of giant nonparasitic splenic cysts is surgical. Preserve splenic parenchyma must be the aim in an individualized decision-making. The different types of surgical modalities will be according to the diagnosis and clinical situation (cyst size, age, comorbidities).


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Esplenectomia , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia
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